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The brain’s immune response differs to that of other organs, primarily due?to the presence of?the?blood-brain barrier?and brain cells called glia.?These responses are?fine-tuned?by?signals?from?peripheral immune cells?and, more speculatively, influenced by?the?gut microbiome.?Central immune responses?are important for maintaining normal brain?function, but?may go awry in?neurodegenerative?and neuropsychiatric?diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and depression.?The immune responses?also?support the brain’s?recovery from injuries such as those arising from trauma, oxygen deprivation and?infection.????

This?module?will explore?the?current understanding of how?peripheral?and?central?immune systems?interact?to affect operation of the nervous system,?paying particular attention to?pathogenic?mechanisms.?It?will?focus particularly on the diverse role played by glia.??

NEU1006?Introduction to?Neuroscience?(formerly CSC1006)?and/or?CSC2012?Disease, Diagnostics and Therapeutics are?pre-requisite for this module.?NEU2018 Neural Circuits?(formerly CSC2018)?is recommended.?This module is optional for students studying BSc Neuroscience and BSc Medical Sciences. Students in other disciplines may take the module if they meet the pre-requisites.?

The overall aim of the module is to recognise the?role?of?central?immune responses?in?normal brain functioning,?and?in the development and progression of?disease.???

Through lectures,?technical masterclass?sessions and written assignments you will?have opportunities to?understand?central immune responses?to infections and trauma of the brain, and how these responses contribute to?neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.?You will appreciate the role of non-neuronal cells?found in the brain:?astrocytes, microglia,?and oligodendrocytes. Key aspects of?the associated?signalling?we explore?may?include?chemokine, cannabinoid,?and trace amine-associated receptors.??

Overall, this module will?enhance your transferrable skills?by helping to develop your strengths in:?

1.?Data analysis and?Interpretation?

You will consider?the logic of scientific inference and principles of statistical analysis.?You will further develop the skills needed to understand and interpret scientific data by analysing existing data sets, and through the manipulation of new data acquired through supervised laboratory sessions.??

2.?Applied Research?Techniques??

You will?become?familiar with techniques widely used in neuroscience, neurology,?and immunology to study brain inflammation.?Specific examples will?include immunohistochemistry, animal models, pharmacological manipulations of glia cells,?electrophysiology?and current methods of neuroimaging.?You will also?have the opportunity to?apply?some of these techniques directly?through?masterclass sessions with leading research scientists in the field of Neuroimmunology.??

3.?Critical Appraisal.??

Through?formative?and summative assessments,?you will develop?your ability to identify,?review and?appraise?scientific literature?whilst?working as part of the group.?

The module’s precise content will vary from year to year, but the following information?describes?its?typical structure.??

Lectures??

A total of?fourteen?lecture sessions will be delivered,?incorporating ten different Neuroimmunology themes. Each week will consist of a?one?hour?lecture, followed by a?1 hour?Question and Answer session. The introductory lecture (week 1) will outline the broad aims of the module, its weekly structure, assessment processes and other practicalities. Another?lecture will focus on the module’s assessment: writing a?research?project proposal.???

The other?10?lecture?themes?may cover the following subjects:?

Masterclass?sessions??

There will be two?applied research technique sessions, each lasting three?hours. In these you will cover the past, present and future research techniques?used?in more detail. You will interpret and analyse the expected outcome?of key Neuroimmunology methods such as immunohistochemistry, morphology of glial cells and electrophysiological techniques.??

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Seminars?

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There will be two seminars, each two hours long, which will help you to prepare your assessed?research?proposal.?You will be provided with?suggested topics?prior the first seminar and?will be expected to prepare for the session.?At the?first?seminar you will work in groups discussing material you found and further shaping your proposal. The suggested topics will?be broad enough that you will?be able to identify, in more detail,?material of interest to you?and at the same time, share your knowledge with others in the groups.??

During the second seminar you will be given feedback on the 1-page proposal you?individually?prepared ahead of the session. The feedback will be provided by both the peer group and the tutor and discussed at the seminar. During this session you will also have an opportunity to clarify any questions?related to the assignment.?